Applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP)

What is Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural Language Processing techniques, a subset of Artificial Intelligence increasing its necessity with the improvement of its sub-technologies day by day. Language is the prime source of communication and interactions. Without language, communication is not possible, and without communication, process completion is not possible. This is also another reason for the increment in the involvement of Natural Language Processing in different domains. The involvement of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is also increasing the dimensions of different areas. Some of these domains are -

These domains can be considered as use cases of Natural Language Processing but also have their separate use cases. The implementation of these use cases can be generalized to an extent, But these domains also demand diversities in the different levels of implementation as well as in the expertise required to implement them. Let’s understand briefly about these domains from the mirror of Natural Language Processing. One point is to be noted here that Natural Language Processing also requires some integration with other technologies such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Big Data Analytics.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) Applications

Business Applications for Natural Language Processing

Let’s start with the domain of commercialization. It is pretty evident that the business domain is consists of some interesting and necessary use cases and problems that can be addressed by the use of Natural Language Processing. Some use cases of Natural Language Processing which are used in the Business domain are -

Sentiment Analysis — It is widely used in social media analytics and web monitoring which allows knowing the insights of the customers concerning particular products or services. It can be advantageous for any company to know about the thinking of the customers about a product so that they can know about the scope of improvement and how to achieve robustness. Natural language processing can not solely handle this task; it requires integration with highly computational methods such as Machine learning and deep learning to do the back end computation and Big data analytics to digest the data at an enormous scale.

Email Filters — Emails are adopted as a medium of communication officially now. Even the government considers it is official to communicate with the help of Email. But this medium is also vulnerable to spamming of the content. Companies that provide Email domains such as Google, Zoho or Yahoo are researching in the field of making it Full-proof by using different measures. Email filtering is an everyday use case of Natural Language Processing by applying various text analytics measures. It is a task of spam detection which is also in sentiment analysis as a pre-processing technique.

Voice Recognition — These are techniques that are powered by Natural Language Processing that allow companies to develop smart voice-driven services and interfaces for any product and service. To narrow the communication gap between the machines and humans is the most critical and necessary step to increase the grip on Artificial Intelligence. It can be achieved by only and only Voice Recognition which is possible by Natural Language Understanding a sub-process of Natural Language Processing.

Information Extraction — Information is the new fuel, it is a well-known fact now. But the data which is received at any receiving end mostly consist of unstructured format. The emergence of the advanced statistical algorithms results in the rise of predictive analytics and prescriptive analytics which made the prediction system more accurate. But these algorithms demand more and more information for finding the patterns and Matching them. Of course, Machine learning and Deep learning methods are doing an impressively great job, but without Natural Language Processing these things are not possible.

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What is Kotlin Language?

/* Java Code */
static int num1, num2; //explicit declaration
num1 = 20; //use the variables anywhere
num2 = 30;

/* Kotlin Code*/
val a: Int
val b: Int
a=5
b=10

/* Kotlin Code*/
/* Simple Hello Word Example*/

//optional package header
package hello 

//package level function, which return Unit and takes an array of string as parameter
fun main(args: Array < String > ) { 
 val scope = “world”
 println(“Hello, $scope!”) //semicolons are optional, have you noticed that? :)
}

Filename extensions of the Java are .java, .class, .jar but on the other hand filename extensions of the Kotlin are .kt and .kts.

Benefits of Kotlin Language

• Kotlin compiles to JVM bytecode or JavaScript - Like Java, Bytecode is the compiled format for Kotlin programs also. Bytecode means Programming code that, once compiled, is run through a virtual machine instead of the computer’s processor. By using this approach, source code can be run on any platform once it has been compiled and run through the virtual machine. Once a kotlin program has been converted to bytecode, it can be transferred across a network and executed by JVM(Java Virtual Machine).

• Kotlin programs can use all existing Java Frameworks and Libraries - Yes, it's true that Kotlin programs can use all existing java frameworks and libraries, even advanced frameworks that rely on annotation processing. The main important thing about kotlin language is that it can easily integrate with Maven, Gradle and other build systems.

• Kotlin can be learned easily and it is approachable. It can be learned easily by simply reading the language reference.The syntax is clean and intuitive(easy to use and understand). Kotlin looks a lot like Scala but is simpler.

• Kotlin is Open Source and it costs nothing to adopt.

• Automatic conversion of Java to Kotlin - JetBrains integrated a new feature into IntelliJ which converts Java to Kotlin and saves a huge amount of time. And it also saves us to retype mundane code.

• Kotlin’s null-safety is great - Now get rid of NullPointerExceptions. This type of system helps us to avoid null pointer exceptions. In Kotlin the system simply refuses to compile code that tries to assign or return null. Consider the following example -

val  name: String = null  // tries to assign null, won’t  compile.
 
fun  getName() : String = null  // tries to return null, won’t  compile.

• Code reviews are not a problem - Kotlin is much more focuses on readable syntax so code reviews are not a problem, they can still be done by those team members who are not familiar with the language.

Features of Kotlin Language

• The billion dollar mistake made right. As already mentioned above that Kotlin avoids the null pointer exception. If we try to assign or return null to a variable or function respectively, then it won’t compile.

val name: String? = null    //assigned  null and it will compile  also.
 
fun getName() : String? = null //returned null and it  will compile too.

/* won’t compile */ 
  val name: String? = null
  val len = name.length 

/* correct way */ 
  val name: String? = null 
  val len = name?.length

• Versatile
  
  
  
  
  

• Lean Syntax and Concise - One liner functions take one line, simple structs/JavaBeans can also be declared in one line. Real properties generate getters and setters behind the scenes for Java interop. And Adding the data annotation to a class triggers autogeneration of boilerplate like equals, hashCode, toString and much more.

/*  Java program */ 

public class Address {
  
   private String street;

   private int streetNumber;

   private String postCode;

   private String city;

   private Country country;

   public Address(String street, int streetNumber, String postCode, String city, Country country) {

       this.street = street;

       this.streetNumber = streetNumber;

       this.postCode = postCode;

       this.city = city;

       this.country = country;

   }

   @Override
   public boolean equals(Object o) {
       if (this == o) return true;

       if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

       Address address = (Address) o;

       if (streetNumber != address.streetNumber) return false;

       if (!street.equals(address.street)) return false;

       if (!postCode.equals(address.postCode)) return false;

       if (!city.equals(address.city)) return false;

       return country == address.country;
   }

   @Override
   public int hashCode() {
       int result = street.hashCode();

       result = 31 * result + streetNumber;

       result = 31 * result + postCode.hashCode();

       result = 31 * result + city.hashCode();

       result = 31 * result + (country != null ? country.hashCode() : 0);

       return result;

   }

   @Override

   public String toString() {

       return "Address{" +

               "street='" + street + '\'' +

               ",     streetNumber=" + streetNumber +

               ",     postCode='" + postCode + '\'' +

               ",     city='" + city + '\'' +

               ",     country=" + country +

               '}';

   }

   public String getStreet() {

       return street;

   }

   public void setStreet(String street) {

       this.street = street;

   }

   public int getStreetNumber() {

       return streetNumber;

   }

   public void setStreetNumber(int streetNumber) {

       this.streetNumber = streetNumber;

   }

   public String getPostCode() {

       return postCode;

   }

   public void setPostCode(String postCode) {

       this.postCode = postCode;

   }

   public String getCity() {

       return city;

   }

   public void setCity(String city) {

       this.city = city;

   }

   public Country getCountry() {

       return country;

   }

   public void setCountry(Country country) {

       this.country = country;

   }

}

/*  Kotlin Program */

data class Address(var street:String,

       var streetNumber:Int,

       var postCode:String,

       var city:String,

       var country:Country)

Difference Between Kotlin And Java

• Null Safety - As already mentioned in above section that Kotlin avoids NullPointerException. Kotlin fails at compile-time whenever a NullPointerException may be thrown.

• Data Classes - In Kotlin there are Data Classes which leads to autogeneration of boilerplate like equals, hashCode, toString, getters/setters and much more...
  
  
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